Next-generation onion (Allium cepa L.) breeding using molecular markers: progress and prospects
Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa L.), a member of the family Alliaceae, is a globally significant vegetable and spice crop with substantial export potential, especially from India. The simple bulbs of onion are consumed either raw as a salad or cooked with other food to add flavour. Further, it is processed into different products viz., dehydrated, sliced, chopped or powdered. Apart from its high nutritional contents, it is an anti-carcinogenic food that helps to prevent colon, prostate and stomach cancer. To meet the increasing demand, several breeding methods like mass selection and heterosis breeding had been employed since the early era of plant breeding. However, the crop poses unique challenges to the breeders through binneal life cycle, photosensitivity, complex allogamous mating systems and high sensitivity to inbreeding and short viability period of the seeds. Thus, to meet the increasing global demand for fresh market and processing segments, there is a critical need to transition towards marker-assisted and genomic-led breeding strategies. This review synthesizes the progress in developing genomic resources for onion and discusses their potential to revolutionize breeding for improved yield and multi-stress resistance.
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